什么时候使用“the”?
英语中什么时候使用“the”呢，一直傻傻分不清，现在好了，找到一个the的用法说明，而且加了汉语注释，希望能够帮助大家解决这个问题。
The word "the" is one of the most common words in English. It is our only definite article. Nouns in English are preceded by the definite article when the speaker believes that the listener already knows what he is referring to. The speaker may believe this for many different reasons, some of which are listed below.
When to use "the"
什么时候使用“the”
General rules
Use the to refer to something which has already been mentioned.
指代上文已经提到过的东西
Examples
On Monday, an unarmed man stole $1,000 from the bank. The thief hasn't been caught yet.
I was walking past Benny's Bakery when I decided to go into the bakery to get some bread.
There's a position available in my team. The job will involve some international travel.
Use the when you assume there is just one of something in that place, even if it has not been mentioned before.
在这个地方确定只有一个某东西，即使前面没有提到，如一个厕所，一个意大利饭馆
Examples
We went on a walk in the forest yesterday.
Where is the bathroom?
Turn left and go to number 45. Our house is across from the Italian restaurant.
My father enjoyed the book you gave him.
Use the in sentences or clauses where you define or identify a particular person or object.
指代一个确定的人或东西
Examples
The man who wrote this book is famous.
I scratched the red car parked outside.
I live in the small house with a blue door.
He is the doctor I came to see.
Use the to refer to people or objects that are unique.
指代一个独特的的人或东西，the CEO，天空
Examples
The sun rose at 6:17 this morning.
You can go anywhere in the world.
Clouds drifted across the sky.
The president will be speaking on TV tonight.
The CEO of Total is coming to our meeting.
Use the before superlatives and ordinal numbers.
最高级或者序数前面加the
Examples
This is the highest building in New York.
She read the last chapter of her new book first.
You are the tallest person in our class.
This is the third time I have called you today.
Use the with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people.
the+adj,某一类人
Examples
The French enjoy cheese.
The elderly require special attention.
She has given a lot of money to the poor.
Use the with decades.
the +一段时间
Examples
He was born in the seventies.
This is a painting from the 1820's.
Use the with clauses introduced by only
the + only的句子
Examples
This is the only day we've had sunshine all week.
You are the only person he will listen to.
The only tea I like is black tea.
Proper nouns
特别的名词
Use the with names of geographical areas, rivers, mountain ranges, groups of islands, canals, and oceans.
the +地理区域，河流，山脉，岛屿，隧道，海洋
Examples
They are travelling in the Arctic.
Our ship crossed the Atlantic in 7 days.
I will go on a cruise down the Nile.
Hiking across the Rocky Mountains would be difficult.
Use the with countries that have plural names
the+带复数名称的国家，如s结尾的，还有包含public, kindom, states的
Examples
I have never been to the Netherlands.
Do you know anyone who lives in the Philippines?
Use the with countries that include the words "republic", "kingdom", or "states" in their names.
Examples
She is visiting the United States.
James is from the Republic of Ireland.
Use the with newspaper names.
报纸名称
Examples
I read it in the Guardian.
She works for the New York Times.
Use the with the names of famous buildings, works of art, museums, or monuments.
知名建筑，画作，博物馆，纪念碑等
Examples
Have you been to the Vietnam Memorial?
We went to the Louvre and saw the Mona Lisa.
I would like to visit the Eiffel Tower.
I saw King Lear at the Globe.
Use the with the names of hotels & restaurants, unless these are named after a person.
饭馆和酒店名字，除非他们是人名命名
Examples
They are staying at the Hilton on 6th street.
We ate at the Golden Lion.
Use the with the names of families, but not with the names of individuals.
一家人
Examples
We're having dinner with the Smiths tonight.
The Browns are going to the play with us.
When not to use "the"
什么什么时候不能用“the”
Do not use the with names of countries (except for the special cases above).
国名不加the，除非是上述特殊情况
Examples
Germany is an important economic power.
He's just returned from Zimbabwe.
Do not use the with the names of languages.
语言不加
Examples
French is spoken in Tahiti.
English uses many words of Latin origin.
Indonesian is a relatively new language.
Do not use the with the names of meals.
早中晚餐不加
Examples
Lunch is my favorite meal.
I like to eat breakfast early.
Do not use the with people's names.
单独人名不加
Examples
John is coming over later.
Mary Carpenter is my boss.
Do not use the with titles when combined with names.
人名开头的标题不加
Examples
Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth's son.
President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.
Do not use the after the 's possessive case
名词所有格不加
Examples
His brother's car was stolen.
Peter's house is over there.
Do not use the with professions
专业不加，工程师，药学，学科不加
Examples
Engineering is a well-paid career.
He'll probably study medicine.
Do not use the with names of shops
商店名称不加
Examples
I'll get the card at Smith's.
Can you go to Boots for me?
Do not use the with years
年份不加
Examples
1948 was a wonderful year.
He was born in 1995.
Do not use the with uncountable nouns
不可数名词不加
Examples
Rice is an important food in Asia.
Milk is often added to tea in England.
War is destructive.
Do not use the with the names of individual mountains, lakes and islands
独立的个体山峰，湖泊，岛屿不加
Examples
Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska.
She lives near Lake Windermere.
Have you visited Long Island?
Do not use the with most names of towns, streets, stations and airports
城镇、道路、车站、机场不加
Examples
Victoria Station is in the centre of London.
Can you direct me to Bond Street?
She lives in Florence.
They're flying into Heathrow.
（本文转自科学网）
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